Rhododendron arboreum, also known as the tree rhododendron, is an evergreen shrub or small tree with a showy display of bright red flowers. It is found in Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, and Thailand. It is the national flower of Nepal, the state tree of Uttarakhand, and the state flower of Nagaland in India.
Nepal has more than 30 rhododendron species with a variety of sizes and colors (red, pink, and white). During the blooming season, the hills and mountains of Nepal can be found in different colors due to the dominant colors of the rhododendron plant varieties.
Rhododendron Arboreum is highly variable in stature, hardiness, flower color, and leaf characteristics. It can grow to heights of 20 meters (66 feet) but is usually 12 meters (39 feet) tall and broad. It grows at altitudes ranging from 1,200 to 2,500 meters above sea level.
The bark and flowers are used to treat digestive and respiratory ailments. The bark and flowers contain three biologically active compounds: quercetin, rutin, and coumaric acid, which are responsible for their health benefits. They have excellent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic properties.